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Basic Capacitor Formulas
Ct – C 25
I. Capacitance (farads)
English: C = .224 K A
T D
Metric: C = .0884 K A
T D
II. Energy stored in capacitors (Joules, watt - sec)
E = 1 ? 2 CV 2
III. Linear charge of a capacitor (Amperes)
dV
I=C
dt
XI. Equivalent Series Resistance (ohms)
E.S.R. = (D.F.) (Xc) = (D.F.) / (2 π fC)
XII. Power Loss (watts)
Power Loss = (2 π fCV 2 ) (D.F.)
XIII. KVA (Kilowatts)
KVA = 2 π fCV 2 x 10 -3
XIV. Temperature Characteristic (ppm/°C)
T.C. = x 10 6
C 25 (T t – 25)
C 1 – C 2
IV. Total Impedance of a capacitor (ohms)
Z = R 2S + (XC - XL ) 2
V. Capacitive Reactance (ohms)
XV. Cap Drift (%)
C.D. =
C 1
x 100
xc =
( ) ( )
L 0 V t X T t Y
1
2 π fC
VI. Inductive Reactance (ohms)
x L = 2 π fL
VII. Phase Angles:
XVI. Reliability of Ceramic Capacitors
=
L t V o T o
XVII. Capacitors in Series (current the same)
Ideal Capacitors: Current leads voltage 90°
Any Number:
1 =
1 + 1 --- 1
f (phase angle)
CT
CN
Two: CT =
D C/decade of time
Ideal Inductors: Current lags voltage 90°
Ideal Resistors: Current in phase with voltage
VIII. Dissipation Factor (%)
D.F.= tan (loss angle) = E.S.R. = (2 π fC) (E.S.R.)
Xc
IX. Power Factor (%)
P.F. = Sine (loss angle) = Cos
P.F. = (when less than 10%) = DF
X. Quality Factor (dimensionless)
Q = Cotan (loss angle) = 1
D.F.
C 1 C 2
C 1 C 2
C 1 + C 2
XVIII. Capacitors in Parallel (voltage the same)
CT = C 1 + C 2 --- + CN
XIX. Aging Rate
A.R. = %
XX. Decibels
db = 20 log V 1
V 2
METRIC PREFIXES
SYMBOLS
Pico
X 10 -12
K
= Dielectric Constant
f
= frequency
L t
= Test life
Nano
X 10 -9
Micro
X 10 -6
A
= Area
L
= Inductance
V t
= Test voltage
Milli
X 10 -3
Deci
X 10 -1
T D
= Dielectric thickness
= Loss angle
V o
= Operating voltage
Deca
Kilo
Mega
X 10 +1
X 10 +3
X 10 +6
V
t
= Voltage
= time
f
X&Y
= Phase angle
= exponent effect of voltage and temp.
T t
T o
= Test temperature
= Operating temperature
Giga
X 10 +9
Tera
X 10 +12
Rs
= Series Resistance
L o
= Operating life
103
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